Contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi Question Answer 12 class Education
CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION (Mahatma Gandhi)
Contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi MCQ Question Answer
1. When did Gandhi take birth?
(a) 2nd October, 1863
(b) 2nd October, 1869
(c) 9th October 1877
(d) None of these
Answer is (b) 2nd October, 1869
2. Who was the profounder of basic education?
(a) R. N. Tagore
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Sri Aurobindo
(d) Gopabandhu
Answer is (b) Mahatma Gandhi
3. Where did the basic education training center open in Odisha?
(a) Cuttack
(b) Anugal
(c) Puri
(d) Dhenkanal
Answer is (b) Anugal
4. When the basic Education was created ?
(a) 1947
(b) 1937
(c) 1942
(d) 1957
Answer is (b) 1937
5. The age range of basic education is?
(a) 6 – 14
(b) 5 -15
(c) 7 – 14
(d) 5 – 14
Answer is (c) 7 – 14
6. In which year basic education schools were opened in rule areas ?
(a) 1947
(b) 1937
(c) 1945
(d) 1936
Answer is (c) 1945
7. In which Magazine education curriculum was published?
(a) The Samaj
(b) The Harijana
(c) The Dharitri
(d) None of the above
Answer is (b) The Harijana
8. Which aspect was neglected in basic education?
(a) Craft work
(b) Creativity
(c) Aesthetic
(d) Writing
Answer is (b) Creativity
9. Which of the following is not feature of basic education?
(a) It is craft cantered
(b) It does not give emphasis on mother tongue
(c) It is based on free and compulsory education
(d) All of the above
Answer is (b) It does not give emphasis on mother tongue
10. Who gave emphasis on craft centred education?
(a) Gopabandhu
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Aurobindo
(d) R. N. Tagore
Answer is (b) Gandhiji
11. In which year M. K. Gandhi implemented free and compulsory education?
(a) 1942
(b) 1910
(c) 1937
(d) 1983
Answer is (c) 1937
12. In which year Gandhiji established an ashram at Sabarmati?
(a) 1879
(b) 1915
(c) 1921
(d) 1942
Answer is (b) 1915
13. Who opined, “Education is the all-round drawing out of the best in man and child body, mind and spirit”?
(a) M. K. Gandhi
(b) Gopabandhu
(c) Aristotle
(d) Aurobindo
Answer is (a) M. K. Gandhi
14. What was the other name of basic education ?
(a) Integral Education
(b) Universal Education
(c) Natural Education
(d) Nayee talim
Answer is (d) Nayee talim
15. What was the medium of instruction in basic education?
(a) English
(b) Mother Tongue
(c) Hindi
(d) None of these
Answer is (b) Mother Tongue
Short Questions and Answers of Contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi
1. When the Indian education conference was held at Wardha ?
Answer. In 1937, October 22 and 23.
2. What was the Philosophical foundation of Gandhi?
Answer. Truth and Non- Violence.
3. Give the other name of basic education
Answer. Nai Talim or New training.
4. What is Education to Gandhi ?
Answer. To Gandhi, ‘Education is an all round drawing out of the best in child and man with mind, body and spirit”.
5. What do you mean by “Nai Talim”
Answer. Nai Talim is the another name of “Basic Education”
6. Wardha Scheme, what is means?
Answer. The all India National; Education Conference was convened at Wardha on 22nd and 23rd October 1937 , under the Chairmanship of Gandhi and a scheme, named basic education was formed, known as Wardha scheme.
7. What do you mean by “Nai Talim”
Answer is ‘Nai Talim’ is the name of basic education of Mahatma Gandhi.
8. Why was the basic Education called so?
Answer. Basic Education is called so, because it is linked with the basic needs of the child like food, shelter clothing etc.
9. What is the aim of craft centered education?
Answer. To makes the pupil self supported.
10. Write one feature of basic Education
Answer. Free and compulsory primary education.
11. What were the methods of teaching in basic education?
Answer. Learning by doing
12. Write one demerit of basic Education
Answer. It gives much emphasis on handicraft
13. When basic education was implemented
Answer. It was implemented in1937.
14. In which place of odisha, there was a basic training school?
Answer. Anugal
Fill in the blanks of contribution of education
1. _______ Propounded craft centred education.
Answer. Gandhiji
2. In the year______ Gandhiji implemented Basic education.
Answer. 1937.
3. The life philosophy of Gandhiji base on _______ and ________.
Answer. Truth, Non-Violence.
4. Basic education enables a child to be_______
Answer. Self supported
5. The other name of basic Education is ________.
Answer. Nai Talim./ Wardha Scheme of Education.
6. The medium of instruiction of basic education was ______
Answer. Mother Tongue.
7. Educatin is “ the all round drawing of best in man and child, body, mind and spirit _______.”
Answer. Gandhiji.
8. There were ________ working days in basic Education.
Answer.288
9. Wardha conference was held in_______.
Answer. October 22nd and 23rd 1937.
10. There was basic education training centre at ________ in odisha.
Answer. Anugal
11. Free and compulsory education is one of the ________ of basic Education.
Answer. Features.
12. Gandhiji established an ashram at Sabarmati in the year _________.
Answer. 1915
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Very Short Question Answer of contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi 2 Marks
Question. 1. Give three causes of failure of Basic Education ?
Answer . ( i ) The Basic Education concept was not clear .
( ii ) Much more emphasis on Craft Education & no creativity .
( iii ) English less matriculation courses .
Question. 2. What is
the Wardha Scheme ?
Answer . In 1937 , All India National Education Conference was convened at Wardha on 22nd and 23 October under the Chairmanship of Gandhi . A scheme called the Basic Education scheme was drawn up which was named as Wardha scheme . The Jakir Hussain Committee prepared a curriculum for Basic Education .
Question. 3. Explain
the aims of Gandhian Education ?
Answer . To Gandhiji ,
Education means an all - round drawing out of the best in a child and man ,
with body , mind and spirit which means an all round development for the innate
powers of the child , moral and character building aim , the knowledge of truth
in life .
Question. 4. Give
three main features of Basic Education ?
Answer . The main
features of Basic Education includes :
( 1 ) Education
should be free , compulsory up to the age of 14 years
( ii ) Mother tongue
should be the medium of instruction.
( iii ) It aimed at
creating ideal citizenship
( iv ) Education
should be craft centered & self supporting .
Question. 5. Give the
subjects of the curriculum in Basic Education ?
Answer . The curriculum
of Basic Education laid much stress on subjects like the craft , the mother
tongue , mathematics , social science , music and drawing . The medium of
education was mother tongue which develops self expression , clarity of thought
, develops nationalism & patriotism .
Question. 6. Why is Basic
Education called Basic ?
Answer . It is called
Basic because ,
( 1 ) It provides the
minimum education to a child .
( ii ) It fulfills
basic needs such as food , shelter and clothing .
( iii ) It is based
on Indian Culture .
Short Question Answer of Contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi 3 Marks
Question. 1. Explain the
main features of Basic Education ?
Answer . The main
features of Basic Education are as follows
( i ) Education
should be free and compulsory up to the age 7 to 14 .
( ii ) Education
should be craft centered .
( iii ) Education
should develop moral values .
( iv ) Mother tongue
should be the medium of instruction .
( v ) It creates
ideal citizenship
Question. 2. Why is Basic
Education called Basic ?
Answer . Basic Education is called so because :
( i ) It attempts to give the minimum amount of learning
to be acquired by an average child
( ii ) It is linked
with the basic urges of human life .
( iii ) It is
correlated with the basic needs of the child like food , clothing , shelter ,
clean and healthy living etc.
( iv ) The
cultivation of aesthetic , cultural and social qualities are best fulfilled
through the medium .
( v ) It makes use of
the native potentialities of the child .
( vi ) It is
intimately related to the basic occupation of the community .
Question. 3. Mention the
reasons for failure of the Basic Education Scheme ?
Answer . ( i ) Lack of
proper implementation strategy of the scheme .
( ii ) Lack of
dedicated teachers
( iii ) Lack of
finance
( iv ) Lack of proper
equipment , stress on manual work , neglect of intellectual pursuit etc.
Question. 4. What were
Gandhi's views on Work Education ?
Answer . According to
Gandhi's work Education implies that work or craft should be the starting point
of all other subjects . Stress was given on the principle of cooperative
activity . Planning , accuracy , initiative and individual responsibility in
learning work was the center of the entire teaching learning process . In other
words , works like spinning , weaving and agriculture should be the center of
all educational activities in the school .
Question. 5. What was the
contribution of Basic Education to Modern Society ?
Answer . ( i ) It
provides Universal education .
( ii ) This education
makes the pupil self - supported .
( iii ) It helps in
the formation of character of the pupil .
( iv ) It emphasizes
the mother tongue .
( v ) It provides
vocational education .
Long Question Answer of Contribution of Education Mahatma Gandhi 7 marks
Answer . As a social
leader reformer , a practice philosopher , educationist and a socio political
reformer of modern India , Gandhi , father of the nation , the apostle of peace
and non - violence the champion of freedom movement , led a scheme of education
for India known as Basic Education scheme . His educational philosophy is the
potent force for social reconstruction . To him true education is " an all round drawing out of the best in child and man- body mind the spirit . The
chief tenets of his educational philosophy are as follows :
( i ) Education
should be free and compulsory : Gandhi advocated free and compulsory education
for 7 to 14 age groups and wanted to combine primary education with secondary
education called it English less matriculation . He opined that democracy will
exist best when education becomes free and compulsory . It will develop love
for creative work .
( ii ) Craft Centered Education : He believed in the principle of learning of John Dewey and basic
education aimed at providing education on crafts . He introduced basic crafts
like spinning and weaving , carpentry and agriculture . Introduction of crafts
evoke the spirit of love for work and teach them the dignity of labour . He
wanted that the whole educative process be imparted through handicraft . The
child will learn the motto , " work is worship "
( iii ) Self -
supporting Education : Gandhiji knew that India is a poor state and it cannot
afford to educate millions . So Gandhi suggested education to be self -
supporting . The concept of " Karma Yoga " and dignity of labour will
help in the intellectual development . So the child should pay labour partly by
binding a gap between education and life drawing upon the cultural , social and
vocational potentialities . It is a measure of social reconstruction .
( iv ) Emphasis on
mother -tongue : Gandhi emphasized mother tongue as the medium of instruction .
To him the English system of education hinders understanding and clarity of
ideas . By their mother tongue , the children can express their views clearly
and understand others and this would build sound foundations of education
.
( v ) Education Based
on Non Violence : A Unique feature of Gandhi's educational philosophy was the
application of the law of non - violence , He wanted to build a classless
society and elimination of exploitation . By the scheme of non - violence and
peace he conquered the heart of brutal forces . So his education of philosophy
is based on non - violence . He wanted to create a generation which should
believe in non - violence .
( vi ) Child
Centredness : Child centredness is an important feature of Basic Education
which means the children should be taught to the needs , interests , capacities
of the children . Curriculum and method of teaching to be developed to the
capacities of the learners . Different crafts and subjects to be included in
the curriculum to meet the individual differences .
Question.2 . What should be
the aims , curriculum and methods of teaching of Basic Education ?
Answer . M. K. Gandhi is
called an idealist, a realist , a spiritual person , in one . He advocated his
philosophy of education and laid stress on religious education . The main aims
of his philosophy are :
( i ) The Utilitarian
Aim
( ii ) The Cultural
Aim
( iii ) Harmonious
Development Aim
( iv ) Complete
living Aim &
( v ) Character
Building Aims
( i ) The Utilitarian
Aim : In this aim the basis needs of human life like food , shelter and
clothing and self supporting education to be imparted . The self supporting
aspects aimed at self sufficient and education to meet one's own expenses
.
( ii ) The Cultural
Aim : Culture is essential to refine one's personality . One should have the
qualities of mind which should be reflected in one's own conduct .
( iii ) Harmonious
Development Aim : To Gandhi , education means , An all round drawing out of the
best in child and man , with body , mind and spirit . To him harmonious
development means - innate and acquired powers development from social to
intellectual . Basic Education helps in the all round development personality
of the individual .
( iv ) Complete
living Aim : To Gandhi , life is very complex . So he formulated a scheme of
education which would fit the children to later life and a child to be prepared
for complete living . He should learn how to support his living , Social
adjustment , occupation , and self reliance .
( v ) Character Building Aims : Character Building was the chief aim of basic Education . To him character is the expression of the whole personality including the ethical and spiritual aspects . One should sub -ordinate his own interest to the greater of the society ; co - operate his fellow being to bring about a new social order . Such a person is really a man of character .
Curriculum : To
Gandhi the curriculum should be child centered , Education should be related to
the environment of the child . He opposed English as the medium of instruction
and mother - tongue as the medium of instruction because English hinders the
clarity of thought and put a check on self - expression . He introduced craft
as a part of curriculum and the whole process of education should be imparted
through some handicrafts .
( i ) Craft :
Education should be given through the medium of some craft on productive work
.
(ii) Activity Centered :
The teaching of
various subjects should be emphasized . Teaching of craft will be the center point and teaching of all subjects should be related to craft . The co- related
teaching methods to be followed .
( iii ) Mother -
tongue : Mother tongue as the medium of instruction and Gandhi stressed that
all education must be given through the medium of mother tongue . Through the
mother tongue the child can express freely and understand others . It will help
in the development of patriotism and nationalism .
( iv ) Religious and
Moral education : For the development of personality character , religious and
moral education is to be given . All should respect all religions . Ethics of
all religious is to be taught as a part and parcel of education.
Question. 3. Discuss the
life philosophy of Gandhi ?
Answer . Gandhi
enunciated the integrated philosophy of life . His Experiment on Truth ' was
the outcome of his experience and the prominent philosophical activities are
his concept - God , truth , doctrines of morality , nonviolence , Satyagraha ,
labour , equality , citizenship , brotherhood of man . His life was concerned
with
( i ) His concept of
Truth
( ii ) His concept of
Karma
( iii ) His concept
of Non - violence
( iv ) His concept of
Satyagraha
( v ) His idea of
Decentralization
( vi ) His idea of
machine
( vii ) His concept
of the village
( viii ) Gandhiji's
Gramraj
( ix ) His views on
morality
( i ) His concept of
Truth : Gandhiji believed in truth to be the ultimate reality and God can be
realized through Truth . God is truth , and truth is God . He said truth is
manifested both externally and it is expressed through the voice of God . He
was the pioneer of truth and non - violence and conquered the brutal force
.
( ii ) His concept of
Karma : Gita discussed life and Karma Yoga . Gandhiji was deeply influenced by
the Gita for a religious dedication to the service of man . Service of humanity
is God . Religion is not a part from human activity . Action takes its origin
from Brahma and Brahma ' is present in all kinds of sacrifice of service . To
Gandhi , society and social service are the integral part of life and they are
sacred activities .
( iii ) His concept
of Non - violence : Non - violence of Gandhi was equivalent to love . His
concept of non - violence retained deeply with Indian spirituality . The
concept of Ahimsa or non violence finds expression is self sacrifice , self
sufficiency , self supporting , redemptive love . Non violence of Gandhi was a
means and not an end . Man is the end of his material , mental and moral well -
being and growth .
( iv ) His concept of
Satyagraha : Gandhiji's concept of Satyagraha was dynamic aspect of non -
violence and a tool which created a human context for social conflict . Truth
is the end and non- violence is the means to human activities . The term '
Satyagraha ' is derived from the Gujarati word ' agraha ' which means fineness
. For Gandhiji Satyagrahis is a dynamic quality of non - violence . Satyagraha
for Gandhi's way of truth , force for acting socially and humanity .
( v ) His idea
of Decentralization : Gandhi was against concentration of power and
individualism of capitalism . He wants a kind of society were the economic and
social structure of descent is realized on the basis of industry and
agriculture .
( vi ) His idea of
the machine : Gandhiji was not against the machine but he did not want it to
become the master of man . He opposed machines because it created unemployment
and exploitation of the poor workers by capitalists and too much dependence on
machines . So he suggested limiting the manufacture of machines &
emphasized on cottage industry and handicrafts .
( vii ) His concept
of the village : To Gandhi village is a small group of people , constructing a
unit of society . So the village should be self-governing . He considered that
it should be self - sufficient in the matter of its vital necessities like food
, clothing and shelter . Secondly his village was not an agricultural community
, there should be a balance between agriculture and the village industries . He
desired to create an agro - industrial community .
( viii ) Gandhiji's
Gramraj : Village self Govt . was the opinion of Gandhi . His idea of Gramraj
or village self Govt . Means it is a complete republic , independent or its
religion is independent with other necessaries . Thus for every villages the
first concern will be no caste and hopes to abandon untouchability and create a
classless society .
( ix ) His views on
morality : To Gandhiji the end of all knowledge is the development of morality
. The society and individual progress through morality , purity in thought ,
speech and deeds . So a social foundation of truth and purity should be
established through education . To him moral education to be imported in
schools . Morality is the best virtue of humanity .
Question. 4. Explain the
Essential features of Basic Education ?
Answer . The essential
features of Basic education includes :
( i ) Free and
Compulsory Education
( ii ) Purposeful
Activity
( iii ) Mother
tongue
( iv ) Self -
supporting
( v ) Primarily for
village
( vi ) New
cooperative regime
( vii ) Dignity of
labour
( viii ) Cooperative
work
( ix ) Integrated
Teaching
( x ) Educates body ,
mind and spirit
(i) Free and
Compulsory Education : Basic Education implies a free and compulsory education
implies a free and compulsory education for all children between the age of 6
to 14 years .
( ii ) Purposeful
Activity : Basic Education centers around some purposeful activity or a useful
and productive craft .
( iii ) Mother tongue
: The medium of education is the mother- tongue of the child .
( iv ) Self -
supporting : Basic Education is self- supporting . Children learn by doing .
But they earn from their craft work as well , so as to cover their expenses .
Thus craft has both an educational and economic value .
( v ) Primarily for
the village : Basic Education was primarily devised for the village . Gandhiji
says " In discussing the question of primary education . I have hitherto
deliberately confined myself to the village as it is to villages that the bulk
of India's population resides . To tackle successfully the question of villages
is to solve the problem for the cities also .
( vi ) New
cooperative Regime : Basic Education aims at bringing about a new cooperative
regime in place of the present human regime based on exploitation and violent
forces .
( vii ) Dignity of
labour : Basic Education inculcates the virtues of dignity of labour , a keen
sense of discipline and a great sense of responsibility .
( viii ) Cooperative
work : In Basic Education both the teachers & pupils work for community
development and social progress .
( ix ) Integrated
Teaching : All the subjects are taught in an integrated way . All the
instruction is correlated with craft or the natural environment or the social
environment .
( x ) . Educates body
, mind and spirit : Basic Education is meant to educate the body , mind and
spirit of the child . It secks to develop the child as a whole .
Question. 5. Discuss the
failure of Basic Education ?
Answer . In Spite of the
merits of Basic Education the scheme was vehemently criticized by the
educationalist and richer class people and suffers from a number of limitations
. After the death of Gandhi the scheme was given a death below . The most
important reasons of the down fall of Basic Education are as follows :
( i ) The unclear
concept
( ii ) Emphasis on Idealistic views
( iii ) Emphasis on
Economic Aspects
( iv ) Compact Area
Approach
( v ) Absence of
Textbooks
( vi ) Lack of
Trained , skilled Teachers
( vii ) Faculty Time
Table
( viii ) Costliness
of Basic Education
( ix ) Opposition of
Traditionalists
( x ) Matriculation
Minus English
( xi ) Lack of
Research
( i ) The unclear
concept : In that period most of the educationists and education administrators
were not clear about the concept of Basic Education . They were confused of the
craft education . The common people could understand nothing. There was
provision of the propagation and no mass media system to highlight the program . So the scheme could not touch common people .
( ii ) Emphasis on
Idealistic views : The scheme laid stress on some idealistic practices like
manual work . Such a scheme or education was not accepted by the British and
the intellectuals , because the educated people don't appreciate that their
children could do any manual labour . They sent their children to public
schools and English medium schools . So the confusion is created .
( iii ) Emphasis on
Economic Aspects : In the Basic Scheme of education too much emphasis was given
on economic aspects . The craft contentedness was not accepted by the
intellectuals as well as educationists . The productivity activity of self supporting aspect exploits the child labour and craft work puts emphasis on
economic aspect . The student become money minded . The guardians felt that
their children were turned into laborers so they opposed the basic idea of
craft .
( iv ) Compact Area Approach : The Basic schools were opened in some specific centers and areas , especially in rural areas . The scheme was worked out in a limited area on an experimental basis . So Compact Area approach was a major cause of the failure of such education system .
( v ) Absence of Textbooks : Basic scheme of Education
emphasized on craft education . Text - Books were not stressed in Basic
Education . There was no writer to prepare Text - books on craft training . It
was one of the causes of the downfall of Basic Education .
( vi ) Lack of
Trained , skilled Teachers : The traditional teachers failed to understand the
new pattern of education of Gandhi and the curriculum prepared by Dr. Jakie
Hussain . Qualified , trained , skilled teachers were not available as it was a
mechanical teaching . There was no provision of Teachers training . So lack of
qualified , trained skilled teachers led the Basic Education scheme to its
downfall .
( vii ) Faculty Time
Table : In Basic Education much more was invested or devoted for craft work and
other subjects were neglected . In a Basic school ( 2/3 ) two third of the time
was utilized in craft work . On the time table academic subjects come after
craft work . So the academic subjects were neglected . Agricultural students
become tired to their academic work . So faculty time table was an obstacle of
spreading Basic Education .
( viii ) Costliness
of Basic Education : As Basic Education needed equipment . So more initial
cost was required to purchase craft equipment . There was no funds to meet such
expenses and the Govt . could not afford it . So it led to its downfall .
( ix ) Opposition of
Traditionalists : The dream to build a classless society was opposed strongly
by the higher class people . So traditionalists and conservatives were afraid
that the new social order would upset their position so they strongly opposed the
system of education .
( x ) Matriculation
Minus English : Gandhiji emphasized that English should not be taught to the
students in matriculation stages . But the richer classes opposed this and did
not prefer to admit their students in such a school . So the strength of the
school has decreased day by day .
( xi ) Lack of
Leadership : No research activities were encouraged and no research centers were set up . So lack of research , newer methods of teaching ,
techniques the Basic scheme of Education led its downfall .
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